Nuclear Fusion

Neutronics is the study of the behaviour and interaction of neutrons within a nuclear system. In the context of fusion, neutronics focuses on understanding how high-energy 14 MeV neutrons, generated during the fusion process, interact with reactor components and materials. These neutrons play a dual role: they are essential for sustaining the fusion reaction and producing tritium in certain reactor designs, but they also pose significant engineering challenges.

One of the primary concerns in fusion neutronics is the activation of materials. When 14 MeV neutrons collide with reactor components, they can transmute elements, creating radioactive isotopes and potentially compromising the structural integrity of the materials. This makes the selection of low-activation materials critical for ensuring both safety and the long-term durability of fusion systems. Additionally, effective neutron shielding is required to protect personnel, reduce equipment degradation, and minimise environmental impact.